Heat Pump Savings Calculator
Compare what you spend on heating now against what a heat pump would cost to run — with annual savings, payback period, and the 10-year picture after rebates.
Financial estimates, not a quote or advice. Results depend on your actual fuel and electricity rates, home, climate, and installed equipment. Rebate programs change and some run out of funding mid-year. Confirm equipment sizing with a licensed installer and current incentives with your state energy office and utility before spending money.
Heating only — check winter bills against a summer bill to separate it out.
Baseboard, wall heaters or electric furnace — the heating portion only.
On your bill: total charges ÷ kWh used. US average is around $0.17.
Whole-home heat pump HVAC commonly runs $8,000–$25,000 installed.
Federal credit is 30% capped at $2,000; state rebates run $450–$11,500 where funded.
You would save
Enter your heating spend
| Detail | Amount |
|---|---|
| Heat pump running cost | — |
| Net cost after incentives | — |
| Simple payback | — |
| 10-year net position | — |
| Electricity it would use | — |
How Heat Pump Savings Are Calculated
A heat pump doesn't burn fuel — it moves heat, which is why it can deliver more heating energy than the electricity it consumes. Whether that saves you money depends on the price gap between your fuel and your electricity, not on efficiency alone. The math runs in four steps:
- Convert your spending into heat delivered. Your annual spend ÷ fuel price = units burned. Units × energy content × system efficiency = BTU of actual heat in your home.
- Work out the electricity to deliver that same heat. BTU ÷ (HSPF2 × 1,000) = kilowatt-hours.
- Price it. kWh × your electricity rate = what the heat pump costs to run.
- Compare and pay back. Savings = old cost − new cost. Payback = (installed cost − incentives) ÷ annual savings.
Energy content used
| Fuel | Energy per unit | Typical system efficiency |
|---|---|---|
| Natural gas | 100,000 BTU / therm | 80–95% AFUE |
| Propane | 91,500 BTU / gallon | 80–95% AFUE |
| Heating oil | 138,500 BTU / gallon | 80–90% AFUE |
| Electric resistance | 3,412 BTU / kWh | 100% (all of it becomes heat) |
The Honest Version: When It Pays and When It Doesn't
- Replacing oil, propane or electric resistance heat — usually the strongest case, and often the shortest payback.
- Replacing cheap natural gas — frequently the weakest. Where gas is inexpensive and electricity is dear, a heat pump can use far less energy and still cost more to run. Run your own numbers before believing a sales pitch either way.
- Replacing a dying air conditioner — quietly the best case of all. A heat pump does both heating and cooling, so you should compare its cost against the AC you were going to buy anyway, not against zero.
- Payback beyond ~15 years deserves scrutiny: that is approaching the service life of the equipment.
Rebates and Tax Credits
- Federal tax credit: 30% of cost, capped at $2,000 for qualifying heat pumps, available through at least 2032.
- State rebates: roughly $450 to $11,500 depending on program and income tier — but funded from limited pools. California's HEEHRA program was fully reserved by February 2026, so availability is not guaranteed.
- Utility incentives often stack on top. Check your utility separately from your state.
- Related credits: up to $1,200 for insulation and air sealing, up to $600 for efficient windows and doors — often worth doing before sizing a heat pump, since a tighter house needs a smaller unit.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does a heat pump save per year?
It depends on what you heat with now. Oil and electric resistance usually show the biggest savings; cheap natural gas may show none. Your local rates decide it — that's why this tool asks for both.
What's a typical payback period?
8–15 years is common for full electrification in the Northeast. Replacing oil or electric heat shortens it; replacing an efficient gas furnace can push it past the equipment's life.
What rebates exist?
30% federal credit capped at $2,000, plus state rebates of $450–$11,500 where funding remains. Some state pools are already exhausted — verify before you count on it.
What is HSPF2?
Heating output in BTU per watt-hour across a season, under the current test standard. New systems run 7.5–10; cold-climate models sit at the top.
Do heat pumps work in the cold?
Cold-climate models produce useful heat well below freezing and many hold full capacity at 5°F, though efficiency drops as it gets colder. Backup heat strategy is your installer's call.
Worth it if I have cheap gas?
Often not, on running cost alone. The case improves a lot if you also need air conditioning, since one machine does both jobs.
References
- US Energy Information Administration — fuel heat contents and residential energy prices: eia.gov
- US Department of Energy — heat pump systems and HSPF2 efficiency ratings: energy.gov
- ENERGY STAR — federal tax credits for energy efficiency: energystar.gov
- DSIRE — database of state incentives for renewables & efficiency: dsireusa.org